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Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Features
UMTS, using W-CDMA, supports theoretical maximum data transfer of 21 Mbit / S (HSDPA), although at the moment users of deployed networks can expect a transfer rate up to 384 kbit / s for R99 handsets, and 7.2 Mbps for mobile HSDPA in the downlink connection. It's more than 9.6 kbit / S and an error correction circuit voltage GSM data channel or multiple channels of 9.6 HSCSD kbps (14.4 kbit / s for cdmaOne), competition andn other network technologies such as CDMA2000, PHS or WLANffers access the World Wide Web and other data services mobile devices.
The precursors of 3G are 2G mobile telephony systems such as GSM, IS-95, PDC, PHS and CDMA 2G technologies deployed in different other countries. In the case of GSM, is a migration path from 2G, GPRS, also known as 2.5G. GPRS supports a much higher data rate (up to a theoretical maximum of 140.8 kbit / s, though typical rates are closer to 56 kbit / s) and packet switched rather than connection oriented (circuit switched). Deployed in many places where GSM is used. E-GPRS or EDGE, is a further evolution of GPRS and is based on more modern coding systems. With the edge of real rates of data packets can reach around 180 kbit / s (effective). EDGE systems are often called "2.75G systems.
Since 2006, UMTS networks in many countries have been or are being upgraded with High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), sometimes called 3.5G. Currently, HSDPA allows data rates up to 21 Mbit / s. Work is also progressing in improving transfer transmission speed uplink packet broadband access (HSUPA). In the long term, the 3GPP Long Term Evolution project plans to move UMTS to 4G speeds of 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps, using technology of next generation air interface based on frequency division multiplexing orthogonal.
The first national UMTS network launched in 2002, consumers with a focus on providing telecommunications applications such as mobile phones mobile TV and video telephony. The high data rates of UMTS are used to access the Internet: the experience of Japan and elsewhere have shown that user demand for video calls are not high, and telecommunications and audio content provided video has lost its popularity for the high-speed access to the World Wide Web – Either directly from a phone or connected to a computer via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, infrared or USB.
Technology
UMTS combines three different air interfaces, GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) nucleus, and speech codecs GSM family.
Air Interface
UMTS offers several different air interfaces, called UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA). All options of air interface part of the ITU IMT-2000. Currently most popular option for mobile radio, W-CDMA (Direct Spread LMI) is used.
If Note that the term W-CDMA, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA are misleading. Then they suggest covering only one channel access method (s ie, a variant of CDMA), are actually the common name for all air interface standards.
non-terrestrial radio access network is being investigated today.
W-CDMA (UTRA-FDD)
Main article: W-CDMA (UMTS)
UMTS transmitter on the roof of a building
method uses W-CDMA channel DS-CDMA access with a pair of 5 MHz channels Conversely, the CDMA2000 system the different uses of one or more arbitrary 1.25 MHz channels for each direction of communication. W-CDMA systems are widely criticized for his use of broad spectrum, which has delayed deployment in countries that acted relatively slowly in allocating new frequencies specifically for 3G services (such as USA).
Specific bands originally defined by the UMTS standard for mobile is 18852025 MHz to base (uplink) and 21.1022 million MHz for the base-mobile (downlink). U.S. 17101755 21102155 MHz MHz and will be used instead, as the 1900 MHz band already used. Although UMTS2100 is the group increased deployment of UMTS, some countries used the band UMTS operators 850 and / or 1900 MHz (independently, ie uplink and down are in the same group), including the U.S. AT & T Mobility, New Zealand Telecom New Zealand Mobile XT on the network and in Australia Telstra Next G network
WCDMA is a part of IMT-2000 and IMT-tillage.
UTRA HCR-TDD
Main article: UTRA HCR-TDD
TDD-UMTS air interfaces using the access technology TD-CDMA channel are standardized as UTRA TDD-HCR, using increments of 5 MHz of spectrum, each band divided into 10 ms frames containing fifteen time intervals (1500 per second). The time intervals (TS) is assigned a fixed percentage of downstream and upstream. TD-CDMA is used to multiplex streams or more receivers. Unlike W-CDMA, you do not need separate frequency bands upstream and downstream, allowing the deployment of the frequency bands around.
TD-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000 CDMA TDD and IMT.
TD-SCDMA (UTRA TDD 1.28 Mcps-Low Chip Rate)
Main article: TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA uses the TDMA access channel combined with an adaptive CDMA component synchronous on slices of 1.6 MHz of spectrum, allowing the deployment frequency bands even more demanding than the TD-CDMA. However, the main incentive for the development the Chinese standard was developed to avoid or reduce the fees to be paid to patent holders not Chinese. Unlike other air interfaces, TD-SCDMA UMTS was not at first, but was added in version 4 of the specification.
As TD-CDMA, known as IMT-CDMA TDD in the IMT-2000.
Radio access network
Main article: UTRAN
UMTS also specifies the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) which is composed of several base stations, possibly using different standards interface and terrestrial frequency bands.
UMTS GSM / EDGE core network can share one output (NC), an alternative UTRAN radio access network GERAN (GSM / EDGE RAN), and (mostly) seamless switching between the RAN according to the coverage available and the needs of the service. Because of this, UMTS and GSM / EDGE networks radio access are sometimes collectively called UTRAN / GERAN.
UMTS network are often combined with GSM / EDGE, the last of which is also part of the IMT-2000.
The European Union (User Equipment) interface of the RAN (Radio Access Network) is mainly composed of the RRC (Radio Resource Control), RLC (Radio Link Control) MAC (Media Access Control) protocols. establishment protocol handles the RRC connection, measurements, radio bearer services, security and transfer decisions. RLC protocol is divided into three modes – transparent mode (TM) does not recognize mode (UM) Acknowledge Mode (AM). The functionality of the AM entity is like running TCP when the operation UM is like UDP operation. In TM mode, data will be sent to the lower layers, without adding a header SDU of the upper layers. MAC manages data programming the air interface based on the upper layer (RRC) configured parameters.
Set of properties related to data transmission carrier is called Radio (RB). This set of properties determine the maximum data in a TTI (Transmission time interval). RB mapping information includes RLC RB. allocation RB RB determines the allocation between <-> Transport -> channel <logical channel. signaling message sent in signaling Radio Bearers (SRB) and data packets (either CS or PS) to send the RBS data. COSA RRC and NAS messages.
Security includes two procedures: the integrity and encryption. Integrity valid resource message and ensure that no one (third / part unknown) radio interface has not changed the message. Encryption ensures that no listen to your data on the air interface. Both the integrity and encryption will be applied for SRB, encryption is applied to data from RBS.
Backbone
Article Home: Mobile Application Part
With Mobile Application Part, UMTS uses the same basic standard GSM / EDGE. This allows an easy migration path to exit GSM operators. However, the migration path to UMTS is still expensive: while the most basic infrastructure is shared with GSM, the cost of obtaining UMTS spectrum license and overlapping of existing towers new high.
The CN can be connected to various backbone networks like the Internet, ISDN. (UMTS and GERAN) are three lower layers of the OSI model. The network layer (OSI 3) Includes protocol for radio resource management (MRR) which manages the communication channels between the network terminals including fixed and mobile transfer.
Frequency Allocation
Main article: UMTS frequency bands
More than 130 licenses already issued operators worldwide (as of December 2004), including W-CDMA radio access based on GSM. In Europe, the licensing process were at the end of the technology bubble, and auction mechanisms for allocation established in some countries has resulted in some very high prices paid for the original 2100 MHz licenses, including the United Kingdom and Germany. In Germany, bidders paid a total 50.8 billion for six licenses, two of which were subsequently abandoned and removed by their buyers (Mobilcom and Sonera and Telefonica consortium). It has been suggested that these license fees has the character of an important tax paid in expected future income for many years on the road. In any case, the high prices paid to certain European telecoms operators near bankruptcy (and especially KPN). In recent years, some operators have canceled some or all of the licensing costs. More recently, a company started using in Finland UMTS 900 MHz exchange agreement with its environment 2G GSM base stations, a trend expected to develop in Europe over the next 13 years.
UMTS 2100 MHz spectrum assigned in Europe is already used in North America. The range of 1900 MHz is used for 2G (PCS) services, and 2100 MHz is used for satellite communications. Regulators have yet given part of the range of 2100 MHz for 3G services, as well as 1700 MHz for uplink. UMTS operators in North America who want to implement a European style 2100/1900 MHz share spectrum with existing 2G services in 1900 MHz band
AT & T Wireless launched UMTS services in the United States by the end of 2004 using the current 1900 MHz strictly allocated for 2G PCS services. Cingular acquired AT & T Wireless in 2004 and since then has launched UMTS in some U.S. cities. Cingular changed its name to AT & T and the deployment of some cities with a UMTS network at 850 MHz to improve the current UMTS network at 1900 MHz and now offers subscribers UMTS phone number 850/1900.
Deployment of UMTS T-Mobile in the U.S. focus on the 2100/1700 bands, as coverage is provided UMTS in Spain the 850 MHz band of the Rogers wireless network. In 2008, telecommunications Telstra Australia has replaced its existing CDMA 3G network with a national network, NextG brand, operating in 850 MHz band Telstra currently offers UMTS network services, network and UMTS 2100 MHz, through a co-ownership of the company that owns and manages 3GIS. This company is co-owned by Hutchison 3G in Australia, and is the main network used by their customers. Optus is currently the deployment of a running on the 2100 MHz 3G network in major cities large, and the 900 MHz band in regional areas. Vodafone is also building a 3G network, using the 900 MHz band in India, BSNL has launched 3G services from October 2009 from the major cities and expand into smaller cities. 850 MHz and 900 MHz to provide greater coverage compared with the equivalent networks 1700/1900/2100 MHz, and better adapted to areas where more distances separate subscriber and base station.
Carriers in South America are now market also stock 850 MHz
Interoperability and global roaming
UMTS phones (maps and data) are designed to travel easily portablehey through UMTS (if providers have roaming agreements in place). Moreover, almost all phones UMTS UMTS / GSM dual mode device, so that if a UMTS phone travels outside of UMTS coverage during a call from the call can be forwarded to transparency GSM coverage is available. Roaming charges are generally much higher than the cost of regular use.
More UMTS license holders look ubiquitous, transparent global roaming an important issue. To enable a high degree of interoperability UMTS phones often carry several different frequencies, in addition to its GSM backup. Different countries support different frequency bands used for UMTS in Europe first time in 2100 MHz, while most companies in the 850MHz and 1900MHz, the United States. T-Mobile has launched a U.S. operation network 1700 MHz (Uplink) / 2100 MHz (downlink), and these bands are also adopted in other parts of the Americas. Phone UMTS network must be compatible with a common frequency to work together. Because the frequencies used, early models of UMTS phones designated for the United States will not be used elsewhere and vice versa. Currently there are 11 combinations different frequencies used in frequency worldncluding previously used only for 2G services.
UMTS phones can use a Universal Subscriber Identity book Module, USIM (SIM card GSM base) and services (including UMTS) with GSM SIM cards. This is a global standard for identification, and enables a network to identify and authenticate the (U) SIM in the phone. Roaming agreements between networks allow a customer calls to be redirected to them as homelessness and to determine the services (And price) available to the user. Besides the information of subscribers and users of information authentication, supply (U) SIM storage space a telephone directory. Phones can store your data in its own memory or on the (U) SIM (which is usually more limited in your telephone directory information contact). A (U) SIM can be moved to another GSM or UMTS phone and the phone will have on the details of the user (U) SIM, which means that the (U) SIM (No phone) which determines the phone number and billing of telephone calls from the phone.
Japan was the first country to adopt 3G technology, as it did not use GSM, which previously had no need to build on their handsets supporting GSM and 3G phones are smaller than those available elsewhere. In 2002, NTT DoCoMo FOMA 3G network was the first commercial UMTS networksing pre-release specifications, in the first inconsistent with the standard UMTS radio, but used standard USIM cards, which means USIM card based roaming was possible (transfer USIM card in a GSM or UMTS network when traveling). Both NTT DoCoMo and Softbank Mobile (3G launched in December 2002) now using UMTS.
Phones and modems
T-Mobile's UMTS PC Card Modem
The Nokia 6650 UMTS phone home
All major manufacturers of 2G phones (which are still in business) are now manufacturers of 3G handsets. The onset of cell 3G modems are the specific frequencies required in your country, which meant he could not run to other countries in the same frequency 3G (although they may return GSM more). Canada and United States have a common share of frequencies, like most European countries. UMTS frequency bands article is Showing UMTS frequencies worldwide.
Using a PCMCIA card or USB wireless router, customers can access with 3G broadband, whatever their choice of computer (Like a Tablet PC or PDA). Some software is installed from the modem, so that in some cases, absolutely no knowledge of technology is needed to be online in minutes. Use a phone that supports 3G and Bluetooth 2.0, Bluetooth can connect multiple laptops to the Internet. Some phones smart phone can also act as a WLAN access point.
There are almost no 3G modem or 3G phones available that support all frequencies (MHz UMTS850/900/1700/1900/2100). However, many phones offer more of a band that still allows roaming immense. For example, a tri-band chipset running 850/1900/2100 MHz, as found Apple iPhone, allows use in most countries where UMTS-FDD are deployed.
Other competing standards
The main competitor of UMTS is CDMA2000 (IMT-MC) which is developed by the 3GPP2. Unlike UMTS, CDMA2000 is an update of the evolution of an existing 2G cdmaOne standard, and is capable of operating on the same assignments frequency. CDMA2000 requirements and bandwidth make it easier to close deployed in existing spectrum. In some but not all cases, existing GSM operators only have enough spectrum to implement UMTS or GSM, not both. For example, in U.S. D, E, and F block PCS spectrum, the amount of the available spectrum is 5 MHz in each direction. UMTS standard system would saturate that spectrum. When deployed CDMA2000, usually coexists with UMTS. In many markets, however, issue of coexistence is of little interest, as there are legislative obstacles to co-deploying two standards in the same piece of spectrum licenses.
Another competitor EDGE UMTS (IMT-SC), which is an upgrade from 2G GSM Evolution, from existing GSM spectrum. It is also much easier, faster and less costly for wireless operators the ability EDGE bolt by upgrading existing GSM transmission hardware EDGE than having to install almost all new to provide UMTS equipment. However, it is being developed by 3GPP, such as UMTS, EDGE is not a true competitor. Instead, it serves as a temporary solution until that the deployment of UMTS, or in addition to rural areas. This is facilitated by the fact that the GSM / EDGE and UMTS specifications have been developed and is based on the same core network, allowing for dual transfer mode, including vertical transfers.
TD-SCDMA in China is often seen as a competitor, too. TD-SCDMA has been added to the disclosure of the UMTS "4 Chip-UTRA TDD 1.28 Mcps low (UTRA TDD-LCR). Unlike TD-CDMA (UTRA TDD 3.84 Mcps-High Chip Rate, UTRA TDD-HCR), which completes the W- CDMA (UTRA-FDD) should both micro and macro cells. However, the lack of vendor support prevents it from being a true competitor.
DECT Although technically capable of competing with UMTS and other cellular networks in densely populated urban areas, has deployed wireless mobile home and private networks internal.
All these competitors have been accepted by ITU as part of the family IMT-2000 3G standards, with the UMTS-FDD.
For access to the Internet, racing systems include WiMAX and Flash-OFDM.
GPRS to UMTS Migration
the GPRS network, the network element can be reused as follows:
Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Team Registration Identity (EIR)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC) (vendor dependent)
Authentication Center (AUC)
GPRS Service Node (SGSN) (Provider dependent)
Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
From Global Service Mobile (GSM) radio communications network, the following elements can be reused
base station controller (BSC)
base station (BTS)
They can stay in the network and can be used in a dual network operation in 2G and 3G networks coexist while network migration and new 3G terminals are available for use on the network.
The UMTS network introduces new network elements that operate as specified by 3GPP:
Node B (base station)
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Media Gateway (MGW)
The functionality of the MSC and SGSN changes when going UMTS. In a system GSM MSC handles all switching circuits for connection of A and B through the network subscribers. SGSN handles all packet transfer operations and all data on the network. In the Gateway Media UMTS (MGW) take charge of all data transfers in both circuit and packet switching network. MSC SGSN MGW control operations. The nodes are renamed to MSC-server and server-SNB.
Issues and Challenges
Some countries, including Japan and the United States, were affected differently spectrum of ITU recommendations, so that the bands most widely used standard for UMTS (UMTS-2100) were not available. In these countries, Alternative groups are used, preventing interoperability of existing UMTS-2100 equipment, and requires the design and manufacturing of equipment for use in these markets. As is the case today GSM900, UMTS 2100 MHz devices do not work in these markets. However, it appears that UMTS does not suffer as many questions as did support band GSM phone, UMTS UMTS phones that many multi-band GSM in both modes. Quad Band GSM (850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz) UMTS tri-band (850, 1900 and 2100 MHz) handsets are increasingly common.
The first day we saw the deployment of UMTS equipment in many countries. phones with overweight and poor battery life have been the first to reach a highly sensitive market weight and form factor. The Motorola A830, a phone debut Hutchison 3 network, weighing 200 grams, and even have a camera removable to reduce overall weight. Another important issue concerns the reliability of calls about problems with the transfer from UMTS to GSM. Customers find their connections fell rotations are possible in one direction (UMTS, GSM), with the handset only changing back to UMTS after hanging up. In most world networks is no longer a problem.
Compared with GSM, UMTS initially demanded a higher density of base station. For UMTS fully integrated video in the pattern of demand, a base station needed for launching all the km 11.5 (0.620.93 km). Was the case in the band of 2100 was used, but with the increasing use of low-frequency bands (such as 850 and 900 MHz), is no longer the case. This has led to increased deployment of networks of low bandwidth by operators since 2006.
Even with current technology and UMTS narrowband telephony and data services in UMTS is more intense than the power in GSM networks comparable. Apple, Inc. cited the Consumer UMTS power, because the first-generation iPhone only supports EDGE. His release of 3G iPhone talk time contributions in the middle of UMTS that is available when the phone is configured to use GSM. Since the battery and network technology improves, this question is down.
Releases
The evolution of UMTS is proceeding according to scheduled withdrawals. Each version is designed to introduce new features and improve existing ones.
Exit 99
concierge services
Circuit 64 kbit / s on
384 kbit packets / S changed
Location services
Services, please call: compatible with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), based in Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
Release 4
Edge Radio
Multimedia messages
Mexe (Mobile Execution Environment)
Improved location services
Multimedia Services IP (IMS)
Version 5
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
IPv6, IP transport in UTRAN
GERAN improve, Mexe, etc.
HSDPA
Version 6
WLAN Integration
Multimedia broadcast and multicast
IMS Enhancements
HSUPA
Fractional DPCH
Version 7
Improving L2
64 QAM, MIMO
VoIP over HSPA
CPC – Continuous Packet Connectivity
See also
List of UMTS networks deployed
3G
3GPP: the organization that manages the UMTS standard.
3GPP Long Term Evolution, the 3GPP evolution of UMTS towards 4G capabilities.
GAN / UMA: A standard for implementing GSM and UMTS wireless LANs.
Opportunity Driven Multiple Access, ODMA: UMTS TDD communication protocol relay mode
HSDPA, HSUPA: updates to Interface W-CDMA air.
PDCP
Subscriber identity module
UMTS-TDD: a variant largely on UMTS technology used to provide Internet service wireless.
UMTS frequency bands
W-CDMA: the standard primary air interface used by UMTS.
W-CDMA 2100
Others, UMTS, 3G and 4G standards:
CDMA2000: evolved from cmdaOne (also known as IS-95, or "CDMA") standard, managed by the 3GPP2
FOMA
TD-SCDMA
WiMAX: an emerging wireless wide.
UMTS is an evolution of the GSM mobile standard.
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
ETSI
Other useful information
wireless modem
Spectral efficiency comparison table
Multiple Access Code Division (CDMA)
CPICH common pilot channel or a single WCDMA channel synchronization.
Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) is the main challenge of finding multiple antennas.
Wi-Fi: a local area wireless technology that is complementary to UMTS.
List of device bandwidths
Operations and Maintenance Center
Radio Network Controller
UMTS Security
Literature
Martin Sauter: Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society, John Wiley, August 2006, ISBN 0-470-02676-6
Ahonen and Barrett (eds.) Services for UMTS (Wiley, 2002) First Book on 3G services, ISBN 978-0471485506
Holman and Toskala (Editors), WCDMA for UMTS (Wiley, 2000) first book dedicated to 3G, ISBN 978-0471720515
Kreher and Ruedebusch, UMTS Signaling: UMTS interfaces, protocols, procedures and message flows to analyze and explain (Wiley 2007), ISBN 978-0470065334
Laiho, Wacker and Novosad, Radio Network Planning and Optimization UMTS (Wiley, 2002) first book on radio network planning of 3G, ISBN 978-0470015759
Notes
^ W-CDMA The term generally refers to the UMTS interface Air Core, UTRA-FDD, or networks that only work in UTRA-FDD. However, there are exceptional cases where it is used in a broader sense, synonymous with interface for UMTS or UMTS air. For example, refers to 3GPP b] oth frequency division duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) variant W-CDMA, ie UTRA-FDD and TDD-ULTRA.
References
3GPP ^ Ab noted that there are many different names for the same system (for example, FOMA W-CDMA, UMTS, etc); 3GPP. "Act of projects, decisions and actions of the 3GPP Organizational Partners Meeting # 6 Tokyo, October 9, 2001 "(PDF). Pp 7. Http: / / www.3gpp.org/ftp/op/OP_07/DOCS/pdf/OP6_13r1. pdf.
^ 3GPP. Keywords (WCDMA, HSPA, LTE, etc): W-CDMA "Http.: / / Www.3gpp.org/article/w-cdma. Retrieved 15/06/2009.
^ Tindal, Susan (December 8, 2008). "Telstra's 21Mbps Next G increases. ZDNet Australia. Http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/communications/soa/Telstra-boosts-Next-G-to-21Mbps/0, 130061791,339293706,00. htm. Retrieved on 16/03/2009.
^ 3GNewsroom.com (11/29/2003). "Glossary 3G – ULTRA. Http: / / www.3gnewsroom.com/html/glossary/u.shtml. Retrieved 16/02/2009.
^ ITU-D Study Group 2. "Guidelines on the transition of existing mobile networks to IMT-2000 for developing countries (GST) Report on the Question 18 / 2 ". Pp 4, 2528. Http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/stg/D-STG-SG02.18-1-2006-PDF-E.pdf. Retrieved on 15/06/2009.
^ The FCC Advanced Wireless bandplan Services
^ Forkel et al. (2002). Performance comparison "between the chip rate UTRA TDD high and low http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.3672 Chip Operation .. Retrieved on 16/02/2009.
^ Siemens (10/06/2004). "TD-SCDMA White Paper: The Solution for TDD bands (pdf). TD Forum. Pp 69. Http: / / www.tdscdma-forum.org/en/pdfword/200511817463050335.pdf. Retrieved on 15/06/2009.
^ Hsiao-Hwa Chen (2007), John Wiley and Sons, pp. 105 106, ISBN 978-047002294-8
^ ^ Http: / / online.wsj.com/article/SB118306134626851922.html
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to UMTS
3GPP specifications numbering systems
Vocabulary for specifications 3GPP, up to version 8
UMTS FAQ on UMTS World
allowances in the world of the frequency of the Global UMTS W-CDMA
UMTS UMTS TDD TDD Alliance Global Alliance
3GSM
UMTS suppliers Chart
v, d, e
standards for mobile telecommunications and mobile
0G (radios)
MTB MTC MTD MTS IMTS AMTS OLT Autoradiopuhelin MTA
1G
Mobitex HICAP AMPS NMT, TACS DataTAC ETACS
2G
Family GSM/3GPP
GSM CSD
Family 3GPP2
CdmaOne (IS-95)
Other
D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136), iDEN CDPD PDC PHS
Transition 2G
(2.5G, 2.75G)
GSM/3GPP family
HSCSD EDGE GPRS / EGPRS
Family 3GPP2
CDMA2000 1xRTT (IS-2000)
Family iDEN
MORE
3G (IMT-2000)
3GPP family
UMTS (UTRAN) WCDMA WCDMA FDD-UTRA TDD-LCR-TDD (TD-SCDMA)
Family 3GPP2
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (IS-856)
3G transition
(3.5G, 3.9G)
The 3GPP family
HSDPA HSUPA HSPA + LTE (E-UTRA)
Family 3GPP2
EV-DO Rev A EV-DO Rev B
Other
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) Flash-OFDM IEEE 802.20
4G (IMT-Advanced)
3GPP family
LTE Advanced
WiMAX Family
IEEE 802.16m
References
List of the theory of the history of the cellular network standards comparison standards for spectral efficiency comparison of the frequency of successful GSM frequency bands of UMTS mobile broadband mobile
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